Biography of Sir Winston Churchill, UK Prime Minister

Winston Churchill (November 30, 1874–January 24, 1965) was a legendary orator, a prolific writer, an earnest artist, and a long-term British statesman. Yet Churchill, who twice served as prime minister of the United Kingdom, is best remembered as the tenacious and forthright war leader that led his country against the seemingly undefeatable Nazis during World War II. Fast Facts: Winston Churchill Known For: Prime minister of the United Kingdom during World War IIAlso Known As: Sir Winston Leonard Spencer ChurchillBorn: November 30, 1874 in Blenheim, Oxfordshire, EnglandParents: Lord Randolph Churchill, Jennie JeromeDied: January 24, 1965 in Kensington,  London, EnglandEducation: Harrow School, Royal Military Academy, SandhurstPublished Works:  Marlborough: His Life and Times, The Second World War, six volumes, A History of the English- Speaking Peoples, four volumes, The World Crisis, My Early LifeAwards and Honors: Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Order of Merit,  Honorary Citizen of the United States, Nobel Prize in LiteratureSpouse: Clementine HozierChildren: Diana, Randolph, Marigold, Sarah, MaryNotable Quote: The mood of  Britain  is wisely and rightly averse from every form of shallow or premature exultation. This is no time for boasts or glowing prophecies, but there is this—a year ago our position looked forlorn, and well nigh desperate, to all ey es but our own. Today we may say aloud before an awe-struck world, ‘We are still masters of our fate. We still are captain of our souls. Early Life Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874 at his grandfathers home, Blenheim Palace in Marlborough, England. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a member of the British Parliament and his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American heiress. Six years after Winstons birth, his brother Jack was born. Since Churchills parents traveled extensively and led busy social lives, Churchill spent most of his younger years with his nanny, Elizabeth Everest. It was Mrs. Everest who nurtured Churchill and cared for him during his many childhood illnesses. Churchill stayed in touch with her until her death in 1895. At age 8, Churchill was sent off to boarding school. He was never an excellent student but he was well-liked and was known as a bit of a troublemaker. In 1887, the 12-year-old Churchill was accepted to the prestigious Harrow school, where he began studying military tactics. After graduating from Harrow, Churchill was accepted into the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1893. In December 1894, Churchill graduated near the top of his class and was given a commission as a cavalry officer. Churchill, the Soldier and War Correspondent After seven months of basic training, Churchill was given his first leave. Instead of going home to relax, Churchill wanted to see action; so he traveled to Cuba to watch Spanish troops put down a rebellion. Churchill didnt go just as an interested soldier, however. He made plans to be a war correspondent for Londons The Daily Graphic. It was the beginning of a long writing career. When his leave was up, Churchill traveled with his regiment to India. Churchill also saw action in India when fighting Afghan tribes. This time, again not just a soldier, Churchill wrote letters to Londons The Daily Telegraph. From these experiences, Churchill also wrote his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898). Churchill then joined Lord Kitcheners expedition in the Sudan while also writing for The Morning Post. After seeing a lot of action in the Sudan, Churchill used his experiences to write The River War (1899). Again wanting to be at the scene of the action, Churchill managed in 1899 to become the war correspondent for The Morning Post during the Boer War in South Africa. Not only was Churchill shot at, but he was also captured. After spending nearly a month as a prisoner of war, Churchill managed to escape and miraculously made it to safety. He also turned these experiences into a book he titled, London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900). Becoming a Politician While fighting in all these wars, Churchill decided he wanted to help make policy, not just follow it. So when the 25-year-old returned to England as both a famous author and a war hero, he was able to successfully run for election as a member of Parliament (MP). This was the start of Churchills very long political career. Churchill quickly became known for being outspoken and full of energy. He gave speeches against tariffs and in support of social changes for the poor. It soon became clear that he did not hold the beliefs of the Conservative Party, so he switched to the Liberal Party in 1904. In 1905, the Liberal Party won the national election and Churchill was asked to become the under-secretary of state at the Colonial Office. Churchills dedication and efficiency earned him an excellent reputation and he was quickly promoted. In 1908, he was made president of the Board of Trade (a cabinet position) and in 1910, Churchill was made home secretary (a more important cabinet position). In October 1911, Churchill was made first lord of the Admiralty, which meant he was in charge of the British Navy. Worried about Germanys growing military strength, he spent the next three years working diligently to strengthen the service. Family Churchill was a very busy man. He was nearly continuously writing books, articles, and speeches while holding important government positions. However, he made time for romance when he met Clementine Hozier in March 1908. The two were engaged on August 11 of that same year and married just a month later on September 12, 1908. Winston and Clementine had five children together and remained married until Winstons death at age 90. Churchill and World War I When the war began in 1914, Churchill was praised for the work he had done behind the scenes to prepare Great Britain for war. However, things quickly started to go badly for him. Churchill had always been energetic, determined, and confident. Couple these traits with the fact that Churchill liked to be part of the action and you have Churchill trying to have his hands in all military matters, not only those dealing with the navy. Many felt that Churchill overstepped his position. Then came the Dardanelles campaign. It was meant to be a combined naval and infantry attack on the Dardanelles in Turkey, but when things went badly for the British, Churchill was blamed for the whole thing. Since both the public and officials turned against Churchill after the Dardanelles disaster, Churchill was swiftly moved out of government. Forced Out of Politics Churchill was devastated to have been forced out of politics. Although he was still a member of Parliament, it just wasnt enough to keep such an active man busy. Churchill became depressed and worried that his political life was completely over. It was during this time that Churchill learned to paint. It started as a way for him to escape the doldrums, but like everything he did, he worked diligently to improve himself. Churchill continued to paint for the rest of his life. For nearly two years, Churchill was kept out of politics. Then in July 1917, Churchill was invited back and given the position of minister of munitions. The following year, he was named secretary of state for war and air, which put him in charge of bringing all the British soldiers home. A Decade in Politics and a Decade Out The 1920s had its ups and downs for Churchill. In 1921, he was made the secretary of state for the British colonies but only a year later he lost his MP seat while in the hospital with acute appendicitis. Out of office for two years, Churchill found himself leaning again toward the Conservative Party. In 1924, Churchill won a seat as an MP, but this time with Conservative backing. Considering he had just returned to the Conservative Party, Churchill was quite surprised to be given the very important position of chancellor of the exchequer in the new conservative government that same year. Churchill held this position for nearly five years. In addition to his political career, Churchill spent the 1920s writing his monumental, six-volume work on World War I called The World Crisis (1923-1931). When the Labour Party won the national election in 1929, Churchill was once again out of government. For 10 years, he held his MP seat but did not hold a major government position. However, this didnt slow him down. Churchill continued to write, finishing a number of books including his autobiography, My Early Life. He continued to give speeches, many of them warning of Germanys growing power. He also continued to paint and learned bricklaying. By 1938, Churchill was speaking out openly against British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlains plan of appeasement with Nazi Germany. When Nazi Germany attacked Poland, Churchills fears had proved correct. The public once again realized that Churchill had seen this coming. After 10 years out of the government, on September 3, 1939, just two days after Nazi Germany attacked Poland, Churchill was asked to once again become the first lord of the Admiralty. Churchill Leads Great Britain in WWII When Nazi Germany attacked France on May 10, 1940, it was time for Chamberlain to step down as prime minister. Appeasement hadnt worked; it was time for action. The same day that Chamberlain resigned, King George VI asked Churchill to become prime minister. Just three days later, Churchill gave his Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat speech in the House of Commons. This speech was just the first of many morale-boosting speeches made by Churchill to inspire the British to keep fighting against a seemingly invincible enemy. Churchill spurred himself and everyone around him to prepare for war. He also actively courted the United States to join in the hostilities against Nazi Germany. Also, despite Churchills extreme dislike for the communist Soviet Union, his pragmatic side realized he needed their help. By joining forces with both the United States and the Soviet Union, Churchill not only saved Britain but helped save all of Europe from the domination of Nazi Germany. Falls Out of Power, Then Back in Again Although Churchill was given credit for inspiring his nation to win World War II, by the end of the war in Europe, many felt he had lost touch with the daily lives of the people. After suffering through years of hardship, the public didnt want to go back to the hierarchical society of pre-war Britain. They wanted change and equality. On July 15, 1945, the election results from the national election came in and the Labour Party had won. The following day, Churchill, age 70, resigned as prime minister. Churchill remained active. In 1946, he went on a lecture tour in the United States that included his very famous speech, The Sinews of Peace, in which he warned of an iron curtain descending upon Europe. Churchill also continued to make speeches in the House of Commons and to relax at his home and paint. Churchill also continued to write. He used this time to start his six-volume work, The Second World War (1948-1953). Six years after resigning as prime minister, Churchill was again asked to lead Britain. On October 26, 1951, Churchill began his second term as prime minister of the United Kingdom. During his second term, Churchill focused on foreign affairs because he was very worried about the atomic bomb. On June 23, 1953, Churchill suffered a severe stroke. Although the public wasnt told about it, those close to Churchill thought he would have to resign. Surprising everyone, Churchill recovered from the stroke and got back to work. On April 5, 1955, 80-year-old Winston Churchill resigned as prime minister due to failing health. Retirement In his final retirement, Churchill continued to write, finishing his four-volume A History of the English Speaking Peoples (1956-1958). Churchill also continued to give speeches and to paint. During his later years, Churchill earned three impressive awards. On April 24, 1953, Churchill was made knight of the garter by Queen Elizabeth II, making him Sir Winston Churchill. Later that same year, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Ten years later, on April 9, 1963, President John F. Kennedy awarded Churchill with honorary U.S. citizenship. Death In June 1962, Churchill broke his hip after falling out of his hotel bed. On January 10, 1965, he suffered a massive stroke. He fell into a coma and died on January 24, 1965, at age 90. Churchill had remained a member of Parliament until a year before his death. Legacy Churchill was a gifted statesman, writer, painter, orator, and soldier. Probably his most significant legacy is as a statesman who led his nation and the world during World War II. Both his actions and his words had a profound impact on the outcome of the war. Sources â€Å"The International Churchill Society.†Nicholas, Herbert G. â€Å"Winston Churchill.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Mar. 2019.â€Å"Past Prime Ministers.†Ã‚  History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK.

Genetics Of Families With Alzheimer s Disease - 1345 Words

Similarly, another study focusing on several families with EOAD identified a locus on chromosome 14 that is linked with Alzheimer’s disease, which was shown to be an autosomal dominant trait (Schellenberg et al., 1992). Figure 3 illustrates the map of the chromosome 14 markers. D14S43 was found to be a strongly positive marker in chromosome 14 for EOAD (Schellenberg et al., 1992). This illustrates that, although chromosome 21 if often the main focus of AD researchers, chromosome 14 also plays a large role in the development of the disease. In summary, chromosome 21 holds the loci responsible for APP and AÃŽ ², causing it to be a main genetic factor in the development of EOAD. Nevertheless, chromosome 14 also is responsible for the autosomal dominant trait in FAD. Several mechanisms are present that lead to the development of AD in the genetics of families with a history of this disorder. This may lead to more difficult treatments for FAD. Objective 3: Epigenetic Causes Although genetics do play a large role in EOAD, late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) seems to be influenced more by epigenetic drifts. Unlike EOAD, LOAD appears somewhat sporadically and displays many non-Mendelian characteristics. These include, but are not limited to, low patterns of familial diagnosis, unequal susceptibility in men and women, and a variance in DNA methylation (which plays a larger role in epigenetic modifications) between non-AD and AD subjects (Wang et al., 2008). 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Brain drain should be stopped free essay sample

Brain Drain is an oft-heard expression used in India. This refers to the export, or going out of India of the Indian brains to different foreign countries. We term it as a drain of the brains because, it is believed that, with the going out these best brains us, as a country is at a loss as. With our best brains working for other countries we are left only with mediocre and the lesser brains to work and develop with. At the outset, let us analyse why there is so much of this exodus of brain from India and, without making much of a hullabaloo about the brains try to check the drain. It is however, a matter of pride for all of us Indians to realize that the world has, as of today recognized the Indian brain among the best brains of the world. This is why foreign countries encourage importing the Indian brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Brain drain should be stopped or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand, our brains are also happy to go out because they get a congenial working atmosphere out there. There, in foreign lands there is appreciation of good work, and the environment of work is friendly unlike the prevailing conditions in India. Besides this, the handsome pay packets there are no match to the slim counterpart of a pay return here in India. With this situation in which both the Indian brains and the foreign countries find the business lucrative and very satisfying how and why should it be stopped. Regarding the why of the question I feel that, it should be curtailed if not stopped because, if the best go out, what are the prospects of development in our own country? For his again we, ourselves are to blame. If we make the atmosphere healthier for good work, I feel at least some the brains may stay back in India. With all their expertise being out, we have to accept that India is at a loss but, we cannot really blame the people going out as, who does want to improve standard of life? The fact of their going out does on the face of it appear to be unfair to India when we have the know-how, the expertise, why should we not reap the benefit of it all. However, in order to take this advantage of the brains, we have to do something to lure them to stay within for which I daresay, India has to do a lot of work. Regarding the problem of how this brain drain can be stopped, the solution is not simple but yet it is not impossible. The Government must see that the working environment provided, and appreciation be given to good work. As for the pay packets, they can also be enhanced in order to attract at least a few of the brains who may be less ambitious and more patriotic. For, I believe that, several brains may prefer to stay back in India if the requisite changes are made for them in the entire system of working pattern. Thus, to prevent a brain drain from India it is not sufficient to just shout about it and make an issue of it. We must work towards the goal of providing them with at least the near amenities to them of what they would get in any of the foreign lands they may chose to go to. If we try this, we may succeed in holding back at least a few of them, for helping us to develop India. The brain drain may be causing concern to us as, the best of our Indian brains go out of the country, however, there is not only a black cloud of missing out on our best, there is also a silver lining to the drain. The brains that go out of India are by now such a substantial number that they form a huge community in themselves, called the Non-Resident Indians. These NRIs are a constant source of income for India in terms of foreign exchange. With their remittances home, they contribute substantially to building up the countrys foreign exchange. Thus, this brain drain is and will continue unless we put a stopper by providing them with more working facilities at home and give them more than the other ordinary brains in terms of pecuniary benefits. As long as we cant do this for them or dont do this for them the brain drain cannot be stopped and the best of Indians will continue to find homes abroad. While they continue to go out we, the Indians will have to continue being happy with the fact that they have at least become a force to reckon with, and they get a lot of name and fame.

Rain Forest Essay Example For Students

Rain Forest Essay Global Warming is sometimes referred to as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the absorption of energy radiated from the Earths surface by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere, causing the atmosphere to become warmer. The greenhouse effect is what is causing the temperature on the Earth to rise, and creating many problems that have started and will continue to occur in the coming decades. Life could not exist if there was no natural greenhouse effect. The reason for the natural greenhouse effect is so that all the creatures living on Earth can live and breathe. We as inhabitants of this Earth must do our part in preserving it, or there wont be much left for our children to live on. Human activities are causing some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to build up in the atmosphere. Each time we burn gasoline, oil, coal, or even natural gas, more carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphereBy cutting down the forest trees, we allow air pollution to set in. This, therefore, causes many problems in addition to many others. Now that there are no trees to help filter out pollution, we are allowing more damage to the atmosphere causing global warming. These certain gases that occur naturally in the atmosphere tend to trap the suns heat which is called global warming. By trapping in the suns heat, the Earth can be warmed up. Many of the Earths natural disasters, such as volc anic activity, and other factors, have caused our planets atmosphere to become either colder or warmer. The global average temperature of the surface has increased by one degree Fahrenheit over the past century. This indicates that this warming trend is due to human influences. Atmospheric disturbances brought on by the additional warming will produce more violent storms and larger death tolls. Some areas, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, will dry out and a greater occurrence of lightning strikes will set massive forest fires. The charring of the Earth by natural and man-made forest fires will dump additional quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Changes in temperature and rainfall brought on by global warming will in turn change the composition of the forests. Evaporation rates will also increase and circulation patterns will change. Decreased rainfall in some areas will results in increased rainfall in others. In some regions, river flow will be reduced or stop ped all together completely. Other areas will experience sudden downpours that create massive floods. The central portions of the continents, which normally experience occasional droughts, might become permanently dry wastelands. Vast areas of once productive cropland could lose topsoil and become man-made deserts. Coastal regions, where half the human population lives, will feel the adverse effects of rising sea levels as the ice caps melt under rising ocean temperatures. Large tracks of coastal land would disappear, as would shallow barrier islands and coral reefs. Low-lying fertile deltas that support millions of people would vanish. Delicate wetlands, where many species of marine life hatch their young, would be reclaimed by the sea. Vulnerable coastal cities would have to move farther inland or build protective walls against the angry sea, where a larger number of extremely dangerous hurricanes would prowl the ocean stretches. Forests and other wildlife habitats might not have enough time to adjust to the rapidly changing climate. The warming will rearrange entire biological communities and cause many species to become extinct. Weeds and pests could overrun much of the landscape. Since life controls the climate to some extent, it is uncertain what long-term effects a diminished biosphere will have on the world as a whole. It is becoming more apparent, however, that as man continues to squander the Earths resources, the climate could change in such a way that it is no longer benevolent to mankind. The greenhouse effect and global warming both correspond with each other. In conclusion, if there was no greenhouse effect then there would be no global warming. The greenhouse effect causes the global warming to increase as well as humans and other creatures influence. There are many ways to help prevent and protect both. If people try to help out, then it would be a longer process .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 , .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .postImageUrl , .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 , .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:hover , .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:visited , .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:active { border:0!important; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:active , .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1 .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7999b8a4d09d89cb709fe30be50d7fc1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Of Ur Soul Essay

History of World Cinema

Introduction There is none of the anti-Semitic films produced in the early nineteenth century that became as popular as the film Jud Suss by Veit Harlan. Anti-Semitism was a common phenomenon across Europe and particularly in Germany during this film’s production; but this film had anti-Semitism that has never been in any other piece of art before.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on History of World Cinema specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The people who can see properly find film language as an effective media of communication and Veit uses this tool appropriately in the film. Film language makes use of images to communicate ideas between the filmmaker and the viewers where Jud Suss is good at that. The maker of the film produced a film that was labeled as an anti-Semitic propaganda using film language Effective use of film language Throughout this film, anti-Semitism is presented in various forms and al l this is meant to build the Nazis agenda. In this film, the Jewish culture, religion and way of life come in focus in the attempt to emphasis Nazi’s agenda (Dahms Hazelrigg, 2010). In order to drive the Nazi agenda into the minds of the people the maker of this film begins with the basic or the most common aspect of Nazi stereotype. The physical and the personal appearance of the Jews are compared to that of the Germans and the filmmaker perfectly convinces the viewers that the Jews are inferior to the Germans. The maker of the film also convinces the audience that the Jews are physically unattractive. To achieve his claims the filmmaker in particular uses characters with hooked noses, which are physically unattractive to describe or portray the appearances of the Jews. In addition, to achieve this objective the filmmaker uses male characters who are unattractive and who appeared as aliens to play the roles of Jewish men. The Jewish men also had unshaven heads and wore unap pealing clothing unlike their German counterparts and of course Marian who represented a reformed Jew.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To add onto the physical appearance of the Jews, the filmmaker paints the Jews as people with questionable behaviors and morals. In the film, the Jews are described as cunning, untrustworthy, and materialistic people. Oppenheimer is one character in this film that bears all this accusations from how he conducts his jewels and money lending business. The Jews claim to be religious and holy people yet they are immoral. This is also another anti-Semitic message that the creator of the film, the Jud Suss, tried to bring to the attention of his viewer. In the film, the Jews are filmed worshiping in synagogues in the scene showing them entering Wurttemberg (Tegel, 2007). This scene portrays the Jews as religious people and people who love their rel igion as well as put it before everything else but the scenes that follows contradicts all this. In the film, Oppenheimer is tried after being captured for being involved in committing various crimes such as treason and fraud. His troubles with the law do not end there and later is executed for sexual with a German woman, which was unacceptable. From this act, all the Jews who lived in Wurttemberg are given a three days notice to vacate the area. Any viewer who watched this film and especially a German would be quick to notice that the film was full of Nazi stereotypes in how it presented the Jews and their culture. The filmmaker is able to achieve this by the right selection of plot and actors. At the beginning of the film, the Jews are portrayed as rootless people. The term wonderer is actually the best word that fully describes the Jews as presented in this film. On the other hand, their counterparts (Germans) live in Germany in their land and the land of their ancestors and they love their country. This Nazis stereotype against the Jew is evident in the early scenes of this film where Oppenheimer (Nazis) is involved in a conversation with an innocent German girl with the aim of inducing the Nazi ideology in her young minds.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on History of World Cinema specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This scene shapes the direction taken by the film for the rest of the film and therefore creates an impression in the viewer’s minds that in Germany the Jews are of no value. The film therefore portrays the Jews as aliens and unwanted people among the Germans. Being away from their country of origin and living in German is an unfortunate thing for the Jews. This is clearly demonstrated in this film as the root cause of all the problems that the Jews were going through. The Jews are accused of bringing more problems to the Germans, where they are accused of all the pr oblems that were there in Germany and this is evident from the film (Ascheid, 2003). Effective sound use Veit Harlan’s film Jud Suss is a good example of an agenda or ideology based film. The film is not complete if filmmaker is not effective in convincing the audience of a particular agenda. The maker of this film particularly attempts to convince the audience about the Nazi anti-Semitic message and agenda. As noted by lee (2000) the filmmaker artful and subtly presented the Nazi anti-Semitic agenda in the film. In communicating the films message, the viewer’s point of view is of great concern especially to the filmmaker. In this film, Veit is able to convince the viewer of the anti-Semitic agenda without himself being accused as anti-Semitic. As noted by Levy (2005) Veit brings out anti-Semitic message in his film through story strategy without being seen to take any stand. The use of sound in a film plays an important role in a film especially in capturing of the vi ewers attention. The maker of this film seems to be aware of this fact and therefore makes good use of sound throughout the film.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sound in the film is purposely applied to communicate the films maker’s agenda to the audience as well as being a tool for entertainment. In most of the scenes in the film sound that are typical with the Jewish religion, chants and music are common. The filmmaker uses these sounds to portray the Jews as backward and highly conservative people. The filmmaker also uses this sound to portray the Jews as highly religious people. Conclusion The film Jud Suss is one of the films produced in the 1940 that achieves its goals in driving the Nazi agenda and anti-Semitic message across the minds of its viewers. In this film, there are ways that Veit promotes the Nazis anti-Semitic agenda. To achieve his objective the filmmaker makes effective use of film language and sound. The filmmaker therefore uses characters, scenes and costumes that support anti-Semitic ideology. Finally, the filmmaker uses songs and chants to emphasis on his anti-Semitic message References Ascheid, A. (2003). Hit ler’s heroines: Stardom and womanhood in Nazi cinema. Philadelphia. Temple University Press. Dahms, H., Hazelrigg, L. (2010). Theorizing the dynamics of social process. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited. Lee, S. (2000). European dictatorships, 1918-1945. London: Routledge. Levy, R. (2005). Anti-Semitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution. Santa Barbra: ABC-CLIO. Tegel, S. (2007). Nazis and the cinema. London: Hambledon Continuum/Continuum books. This term paper on History of World Cinema was written and submitted by user D'KenNeraman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Paradoxes Paradox and w. V. Quine

Essay on Paradoxes Paradox and w. V. Quine Essay on Paradoxes: Paradox and w. V. Quine Self-reference An example is "This statement is false", a form of the liar paradox. The statement is referring to itself. Another example of self-reference is the question of whether the barber shaves himself in the barber paradox. One more example would be "Is the answer to this question 'No'?" In this case, replying "No" would be stating that the answer is not "No". If the reply is "Yes", it would be stating that it is "No", as the reply was "Yes". But because the question was answered with a "Yes", the answer is not "No". A negative response without saying the word "No", such as "It isn't", would, however, leave the question answered without bringing about a paradox. Another example is the affirmation 'Nothing is Impossible', meaning that it is impossible for something to be impossible, thus contradicting itself. Contradiction "This statement is false"; the statement cannot be false and true at the same time. Vicious circularity, or infinite regress "This statement is false"; if the statement is true, then the statement is false, thereby making the statement true. Another example of vicious circularity is the following group of statements: "The following sentence is true." "The previous sentence is false." "What happens when Pinocchio says, 'My nose will grow now'?" Other paradoxes involve false statements or half-truths and the resulting biased assumptions. This form is common in howlers. For example, consider a situation in which a father and his son are driving down the road. The car crashes into a tree and the father is killed. The boy is rushed to the nearest hospital where he is prepared for emergency surgery. On entering the surgery suite, the surgeon says, "I can't operate on this boy. He's my son." The apparent paradox is caused by a hasty generalization, for if the surgeon is the boy's father, the statement cannot be true. The paradox is resolved if it is revealed that the surgeon is a woman - the boy's mother. Paradoxes which are not based on a hidden error generally occur at the fringes of context or language, and require extending the context or language in order to lose their paradoxical quality. Paradoxes that arise from apparently intelligible uses of language are often of interest to logicians and philosophers. "This sentence is false" is an example of the well-known liar paradox: it is a sentence which cannot be consistently interpreted as either true or false, because if it is known to be false, then it is known that it must be true, and if it is known to be true, then it is known that it must be false. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is unknowable. Russell's paradox, which shows that the notion of the set of all those sets that do not contain themselves leads to a contradiction, was instrumental in the development of modern logic and set theory. Thought experiments can also yield interesting paradoxes. The grandfather paradox, for example, would arise if a time traveller were to kill his own grandfather before his mother or father had been conceived, thereby preventing his own birth. This is a specific example of the more general observation that a time-traveller's interaction with the past - however slight - would entail making changes that would, in turn, change the future in which the time-travel was yet to occur, and would thus change the circumstances of the time-travel itself. Quine's classification of paradoxes[edit] W. V. Quine (1962) distinguished between three classes of paradoxes: A veridical paradox produces a result that appears absurd but is demonstrated to be true nevertheless. Thus, the paradox of Frederic's birthday in The Pirates of Penzance establishes the surprising fact that a twenty-one-year-old would have had only five birthdays, if he had been born on a leap day. Likewise, Arrow's impossibility theorem demonstrates difficulties in mapping voting results to the will of the people. The Monty Hall paradox demonstrates that a decision which has an intuitive

Food Movie Analysis (Moscow on the Hudson) Assignment

Food Movie Analysis (Moscow on the Hudson) - Assignment Example Sure, I have, and usually, I hear an interesting story with reference to a man who has fled from persecution or poverty, who in some isolated cases have abandoned a thriving business, and interestingly is starting all over again in the US. I also regularly get the name of a good restaurant.† Majority of the foreign-based workers are attached to an American way of doing things. Especially, in this case, Robin Williams defects from his Russian origins to the US when on a visit. He just likes the tastes of Americans food. He is marveled by the sheer number and size supermarkets around and the variety of flavors they seem to offer. He humorously goes asking for â€Å"coffee, coffee â€Å" in the mall and when he is lost for choice, he falls with the shelves as he tries to touch and read every coffee brand that he finds packed. He got to learn about the standard menu in American cultural food. For instance, people love talking coffee. Even when one wants to have a conversation, he would say, â€Å"Can we speak over a cup of coffee." Robin has to train himself to keep this information in his fingertips by repeating these common terms even when he is in the supermarket. The food revolution that took place in America has engineered more sophisticated consumers and piled up pressure on the restaurants to diver more authentic foods. This has been the case in the US where the restaurant’s owner strives to remain unique in the food culture which has given rise to principle flavors as depicted in the movie. Understanding the flavor principle of a region or cuisine is important as it will define what one can take within a given place. Americans have been known to combine certain ingredients that lead to them making a unique meal. This is identified by making the various categories of food such as aromatic, fats and spices.

News Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

News - Research Paper Example While marketing to teenagers has been predominant, reporting of marketing practices via social media has substantially exacerbated in today’s world. Social media has provided business enterprises with a platform where they can directly interact with potential consumers, and subsequently lure them into buying. As a result, social media has redesigned the mode of doing business for many enterprises. Businesses identify their targets and implement strategies to influence these targets. In so doing, a relationship is established based on how convinced the targets are. For instance, marketing that targets teenagers has been reported to assess and evaluate the factors that influence teenage buying behaviors (Bax, 2012). Social media has emerged as a substantial influencing factor in determining teenage consumption trends for differentiated products and services, ranging from edibles to clothing or even luxury

Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Movie Review

Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Movie Review Example The film had mostly viewed in a subconscious mind of Joel as he is struggling to resist in erasing his memories of Clementine. This took place when he was undergoing the procedure of the Lacunar amnesia. Upon reliving in his mind the memories of him and the estranged wife, he suddenly realized that he wanted to keep the memories of her instead. As the doctors and technician of Lacuna were busy on the procedures to him through mind-mapping, he was resisting the unexplainable changes that were happening in his subconscious mind. Human Identity and Memory. The film does set a debate of the ground whether identity and memory are connected to one another. It provided open ended analysis for the viewers of the theoretical issue of identity being embedded in human memory. It appears so in distinctive results of the Lacunar amnesia to the main characters, Joel and Clementine. Clementine had her memories of Joel erased, thus her attitude changed toward her new friendship with Joel, much different from the time she still has a memory of him. It can be assumed in the given case that if a person lost his memory, his identity about the established personality within that memory will eventually lost as well. However, it will be a chance for the person who lost the memory to recreate new personality as his identity as a person. New identity in personality could alter the forgotten one if the memory got totally lost as well - a complete amnesia. However, it is different in the case of Clementine, as she only had a portion in her memory erased. Thus, her identity about herself has not totally altered or forgotten. Joel almost falls similarly with Clementine's case, but his procedure deviated as he opted to retain his memories about her. Although they went to such procedure, their identity is not completely at lost as it's only a part of their memories being erased. They retained the memories of their own self previously before they met each other, at least with Clementine's case. In recent study, it was discerned that human identity is synonymous to personality. Personality is described by neurobiologists and psychologists as "a collection of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that are not controlled by the I-function" (Trinh 2005). Personality has relevance or significant connection with human memory. It was discovered that memory is being "controlled and regulated by the I-function of the neocortex" (Trinh 2005). In Psychological study, the collection of thoughts and behaviors that make a person distinct from others, which is called personality, is actually restored in a memory. The maturity or development of thought, and self-concept is being reinstated in the memory (Trinh 2005). A man's personality or identity was established and developed through the help of memory, or rather within the memory. In direct sense, without a memory, man has no idea of his established identity, or previous personality. The significance of the memory towards human identity is also affirmed by neuroscientists of University College London. They stated that: "The brain stores all

Role Of Fathers In Lives Of Children

Role Of Fathers In Lives Of Children Parents serve an important role in the socialization of children by modeling important values, principles, ideals, attitudes, actions and behaviors that influence the physical, emotional and social development of the child. Fathers and mothers have unique differences that cause them to have different parenting roles, that when combined, provide the most comprehensive model to help the child develop successfully. For this reason, children need both parents to help them develop the skills to help them build successful social relations, engage in responsible behavior, develop the confidence and skills to be successful in school and to become well-rounded emotionally, physically and psychologically. Over the last two decades, researchers have begun to pay more attention to the idea that fathers make important contributions to child development (Parke, 2004; Davis Perkins, 1996). Evan (1995) indicates, however, that while fathers have now become the subject of studies and review, this is a relatively new area of study. Given the potential role involved fathers have on the development of their children, it is important to understand how fathers perceive their fathering role and its impact on children. The goal of this paper is to examine the role of fathers in the lives of their children in the literature and to identify a gap in the literature in order to come up with a research question for a future study. Review of the Literature Schock and Gavazzi (2005) observe that despite the expansion of fatherhood literature over the last several decades, not much is understood about the role of fathers in their relationship with problematic adolescents. This has prompted researchers to examine fathers parental skills. For example, Nicholson, Howard and Borkowski (2008) investigated whether fathers were able to display metaparenting skills during the first two years of their childrens lives. Metaparenting refers to a mental plan that parents use when caring for their children across five domains: responding, preventing, monitoring, mentoring, and modeling. To determine how fathers think about and conceive of their parenting strategies, the researchers looked at the two main factors contributing to paternal identity: father absence and the availability of positive parenting role models. The participants included 87 fathers. Fathers were also evaluated for their metaparenting beliefs and behaviors, and assessed for parent ing stress, parenting style, knowledge of child development and child abuse potential. The study revealed that positive parenting role models and intelligence were associated with working models of parenting based on the five components of metaparenting. Furthermore, authoritative parenting and a decrease in abuse potential were related to higher levels of metaparenting. In a previous study, Schock and Gavazzi (2005) used a modified grounded theory approach (i.e., one based on the participants meaningful experiences) to examine the intra-psychic and interpersonal difficulties that fathers had with adolescent daughters who are involved in the court system. Fourteen fathers (mean age=46.6 yrs.) and their daughters (mean age=15.6 yrs) who participated in a family-based diversion program for their at-risk adolescent daughters took part in the study. The goal of the program was to help each family identify and support the developmental needs of their adolescents so that they can successfully move into adulthood. The fathers completed face-to-face semi-structured interviews with the questions addressing topics such as the fathers perception of their relationship with their adolescents, fathers unique skills to cope with the adolescents problematic behavior, and barriers/facilitators for participating in the program. The results indicate that fathers of fem ale adolescents had feelings of uncertainty about their role as parents in four areas: poor understanding of their daughters female issues (e.g., dating, menstruation, etc.), communication barriers related to conversation topics and style of communication, limited involvement due to the absence of shared interests, and indecision about how to address their daughters problematic behavior. Based on the findings by Schock and Gavazzi (2005), it is possible that fathers have communication problems with their teenage daughters because they did not form secure attachments with their daughters during the first two years of their lives. Later studies found similar connection between childrens attachment with their fathers and father involvement. McDonald and Almeida (2004) used an ecological perspective to examine the differential impact of work experiences on fathering experiences at home in 290 fathers (mean age=40). The participants first completed a 30 to 40 minute telephone interview about their daily experiences after which they were mailed a written survey, which asked them questions about how their time was spent in the past 24 hours (e.g., cutbacks at work, and their daily work/family stressors. The authors found that fathers tend to report a greater likelihood of providing emotional support to their children on those days when they experience overloads on the job as well as on days when they cut back their workload. The amount of time that fathers spent with their children was found to be moderated by how much control or latitude they have at work. The authors conclude, however, quantity of time alone may not impact the quality of the fathering experience. This conclusion is supported by Newland, Coyl and Freeman (2008), who investigated the relationships between preschoolers attachment security, fathers involvement and fathering context in 102 culturally diverse U.S. fathers of preschoolers age 2-5. The results indicate that fathers secure attachments with other adults and their use of social support were related to parenting and co-parenting behaviors. These in turn, predict child attachment security. The use of rough housing play was considered the most important predicator of child attachment security, more important than fathers sensitivity and consistency. According to the authors, the findings suggest that fathers play an important role in their childrens attachment security, and that shared father-child activities, parenting consistency and co-parenting behaviors should be emphasized among fathers. An important finding in the literature is that fathering strategies are related to paternal role identity. Maurer (2007) assessed caregiving identities, perceptions of partners expectations and the perceived caregiving behavior in 73 fathers (mean age 33.7 yrs). The researcher found that the perceived behaviors of other fathers were significant predictors of fathers behaviors toward their own children. Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano and Guzman (2006) argue that it is important to determine how fathers identify themselves as parents by examining their perceptions of themselves as fathers. As a result, they investigated the perceptions of resident fathers (i.e., fathers who live with their children) regarding their roles in the lives of their children and how this affect their involvement with infants in five areas: caregiving activities, paternal warmth, nurturing activities, physical care, and providing their child with cognitively stimulating activities. Most of the resident fathers believe d that their role as fathers play an important part in their childrens development. The results further indicate that while most fathers were highly involved in providing physical care to their babies, they were not highly involved in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading with their children. The fathers sociodemographic characteristics (race, marital status, education, and socioeconomic status) impact their perceptions of fathering (e.g., Hispanics and other race fathers had significantly lower positive perceptions of their roles compared to other participants). Married fathers and fathers living above the poverty line had higher scores that unmarried fathers and fathers living below the poverty line. Fathers with infant sons had stronger belief in the importance of their roles and more paternal involvement than those with daughters. The latter finding is supported by Schock and Gavazzi (2005) who found that fathers of adolescent daughters face challenges when communic ating with their adolescent daughters, which is a factor in their indecision about how to deal with the problematic behavior of their daughters. A later study by Wilson, Dalberth and Koo (2010) support and expand the findings of Schock and Gavazzi (2005) and Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano and Guzman (2006) in terms of fathers involvement in their lives. The perspectives of 131 fathers on their role in protecting their pre-teenage children from sexual risk was investigated. The results indicated that while fathers take a strong role in keeping their children safe and successful, some did not talk openly and frequently with their children about sex. Though almost all the fathers agreed that fathers perspectives on the issue of sex are important for children to hear, the gender of their child determined how comfortable they were discussing sexual matters. Fathers felt that they were better suited to discuss topics such as male puberty than female topics such as menstruation. Race also played a factor, with Hispanic fathers reporting that they were more protective of their daughters than their sons. According to Gonzalez-Lopez (2004), Hi spanic fathers believe that delaying sex and using protection are important for protecting their daughters from becoming pregnant and for increasing their opportunities to attend and graduate from college. Gaps in the Literature One area that is has not been fully explored in the literature is the relationship between paternal role identity and fathering outcomes. In other words, none of the studies identified looked at the relationship between how fathers perceive their roles (i.e. how they identify themselves as fathers) and how children actually percieve their relationship with their fathers (i.e., outcome of fathers involvement). Maurer (2007) suggests that fathers perception of societal fathering roles is a good predictor of fathers behaviors. Newland, Coyle and Freeman (2008) found that parenting and co-parenting behaviors in fathers were predictors of child attachment security. Schock and Gavazzi (2005) suggest that a lack of secure attachment between fathers and their daughters lead to communication barriers and indecision about how to address problematic behaviors in their teenage daughters. Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano and Guzman (2006) found that higher positive perception of fathering roles were associ ated with high father involvement in mentally stimulating activities with their children such as reading. These findings suggest that fathers who believe that they have an important place in their children development are more likely to achieve better fathering outcomes such as providing their children with caregiving activities, paternal warmth, nurturing activities and cognitively stimulating activities. Research Question The following research question can be used to address the gap in the literature regarding father role perception and fathering outcomes: What is the relationship between paternal role identity and fathering outcomes? The independent variables related to father involvement were cognitively stimulating activities, physical care, paternal warmth, nurturing activities, caregiving activities.

GIBSON’S PASSION? :: Essays Papers

GIBSON’S PASSION? I grew up in a suburb outside of Chicago where there were lots of Jewish people and Jewish students that I went to school with. There wasn’t any religious discrimination at all between Christians, Catholics or Jews. Mel Gibson's new controversial movie, â€Å"The Passion of the Christ† portrayed the Jews in a negative way and not only stereotypes them again, as being mainly liable for the death of Christ, but even causes violence and breeds disgust towards them. This film will cause and outline how millions of Christian movie-goers should look upon Jews in the future, and this may destroy an important Jewish-Christian union that’s developed over the years, that bond of brotherhood and understanding. Historically, the beating and death of Jesus has been known by Christians as his â€Å"passion.† However, Mel Gibson’s movie â€Å"The Passion† is based on the Passion Plays during the Roman Empire, that were written specifically back then to incite and anger people against the Jews. Jews have been the victims of hatred by many groups over many generations. Persecution has been a way of life for the Jewish people since in every generation there have been those who felt that the Jews just â€Å"don’t fit it.† Cecil B. Demille, the famous director of â€Å"The Ten Commandments,† first directed the film â€Å"The King of Kings,† which was the first anti-Semitic movie that offended Jews, seemingly making them responsible for the death of Christ, rather than the Romans. Whether or not Demille meant harm to the Jews is unknown, but the film launched a wave of anti-Semitism. Historical movies such as â€Å"Schindler’s List† and â€Å"Gettysburg† are accurate interpretations of what really happened in history. Even biblical epics such as Franco Zeffirelli's â€Å"Jesus of Nazareth† and the hit Broadway musical â€Å"Jesus Christ Superstar† avoided anti-Semitism. A recent 2001 movie drama about Adolf Hitler as a young child called â€Å"Max† starring John Cusack, responded to the criticism the movie got and accepted input and changes from critics. With the good suggestions they received, it made for an even better film, and the public voice was heard. A year before â€Å"The Passion† was due to open in theatres, Jewish officials offered changes to the film, but these were rejected by Mel Gibson. â€Å"The Passion† isn’t the real story of Jesus Christ’s death, but rather Mel Gibson’s own interpretation of it. People, nevertheless, will watch â€Å"The Passion† and believe that it is the truth.

Persuasive Writing Assignment Essay

Rebellion is when one refuses to accept authority. The transition of childhood into adulthood is most often represented by actions of rebellious nature. The average teen is always looking for away to escape conformity. Two pieces of work that express a common theme of rebellion and conformity are, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and the movie Conspiracy Theory starting Mel Gibson and Julia Roberts. Both pieces express this common theme of rebellious and conformity in a society that simply won’t allow it. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye the main character, Holden Caulfield, goes through many hardships in trying to search for his place in society. Holden rebels throughout the whole book against rules, schools, and people that he encountered. An example of Holden’s external conflict with conformity was on his date with Sally. At the end of their date, Holden shares a dream of running away with her to escape the normalcy in everyday society, â€Å"I have about a hundred and eighty bucks in the bank. I can take it out when it opens in the morning, and then I could go down and get this guy’s car. No kidding. We’ll stay in these cabin camps and stuff like that till the dough runs out,† (Page 132). How the movie Conspiracy Theory is related to The Catcher in the Rye, is that the movie’s main character Jerry Fletcher is a New York City Taxi driver who is always telling people that a list events trigged in the world are done by Government conspiracies but he never seems to get anywhere with his theories. However one of the conspiracies comes true and the CIA is trying to shut Jerry up before he does anymore damage. Now the reason why these two are connected is because, in both cases each character are trying to achieve being different and don’t want to be tied down by what other people tell them to do. In Jerry’s case he is trying to tell the truth about these theories to the general public and try to raise awareness about it before it’s too late. In Holden’s case, he feels that he needs to escape this sort of normalcy that exists in his society. The example of running away and living in the country has everything to do with conformity. The external conflict that both characters face have to do with making sure they don’t fall into the trap that society has set out of them and to try and achieve the impossible in a impossible world. Both Jerry and Holden always fee that they are being alienated in society and both are trying to find a purpose in life.

Why The Japanese Invaded Manchuria

Why The Japanese Invaded Manchuria  ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Japan was hit badly by the depression as its main industry depended on its trade with the USA and China. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢After the Wall Street crash the USA and China put up trade barriers (tariffs) which meant that no one in those countries could buy Japanese goods. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢This caused the Japanese economy to brake down. Without this trade the Japanese could not feed its people. This left the country in crisis. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢The Japanese army thought that they had found the solution to Japan's problem- they needed to build up their empire, therefore they would have less of a need to trade with other countries. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢In 1931 an incident happened in Manchuria that gave Japan the opportunity it had been waiting for. Japan controlled the south Manchurian railway, they claimed that the Chinese had sabotaged the railway. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢In "retaliation" they invaded Manchuria and threw out all the Chinese forces and set up a puppet government ¢Ã‚€Â ¢China then appealed t o the league.The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange i...Japan claimed they were only settling a local dispute. They said that they had to invade in self-defence to keep peace in the area. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢The league sent out a group of official know as the Lytton commission to go asses the situation for themselves. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢It took them a full year before they presented their report, it was a well balanced report but it clearly stated that Japan had acted in the wrong, and that Manchuria should be returned to the Chinese. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢However instead of withdrawing from Manchuria Japan then announced that they intended to invade more of china (Jehol) they still argued that it was necessary in self-defence. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢On the 24th of February the report from the Lytton commission was approved by 42 votes-1 only Japan voted against it. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Japan then decided to resign from...

Is the Age of Sovereignty Over essays

Is the Age of Sovereignty Over essays In order to fully examine the extent of any demise in state sovereignty, we need first to set definitions of key terms. Andrew Heywood, in his book Key Concepts in Politics offers the following as an outline of sovereignty: The principle of absolute and unlimited power (Heywood: 37). The context of this remark is that the state and its institutions hold legitimate authority over all organisations and individuals within the state territory. A core implication is that no man is above the law. The state, then, can be considered the sole purveyor of justice, and the only body with licence to employ force as means to achieve goals. This brings us to the distinction between legal and political sovereignty. Whilst the legal element relates to the situations described above, where the state uses law and legislation to control subjects, political sovereignty refers to the state as an agent that uses its monopoly on force and coercion to gain obedience. An example could be the Chilean regime of the 1970s under General Pinochet, where Legitimate violence (Weber) was a tool frequently wielded. Both these are cases of internal sovereignty, involving the states ability to control its own nationals. External sovereignty, however, looks at a nations standing on an international level. Heywood calls this the states Ability to act as an independent and autonomous entity (Heywood: 38). Indeed, the United Nations defines a state as a body possessing Independence and sovereignty (Lechner & Boli: 205). Thus we can say that a sovereign nation-state is one which is able to keep legitimate control of its inhabitants, and is distinguishable in a global context. Through these criteria we are able to eliminate bodies with huge international standing (e.g. Microsoft), and organisations capable of influencing individuals (e.g. the church) from classification as states. In ...

Marketing Plan for a New Restaurant Research Proposal

Marketing Plan for a New Restaurant - Research Proposal Example The main aim of hotel and restaurant industries is to maximize their profits. However, the competition has made it difficult to maintain their position in the market. Due to more and more new investments in this sector, the existing hotels are in danger to lack behind in innovations and creative utilization of resources. The new techniques to manage the operations and the use of new machinery which reduces the labor cost are difficult to be adopted due to the existing managed workforce and working environment. The hotel industry has now reached to a highly competitive stage and all restaurants are adopting the branded restaurant concept in order to meet the requirements of continuous innovations and creative approach (Casper, 1995). It has also been observed during the research that restaurants and famous hotels are working in collaboration to maximize their returns for example, the partnership of Marriott and Pizza Hut, Holiday Inn and TGI Friday's etc (Boone, 1997). This paper woul d further discuss the aspects which are required to be considered before starting a new restaurant and a marketing plan to be followed for a successful launch of a new restaurant. Restaurants have become an integral part of most of the people around the world. The working population prefer having their breakfasts and lunches in the restaurants. Owing to this importance given by the people to the hotels, more and more people are involving in this sector. It can be evaluated from the current findings that hotels are highly profitable and money-making. It can be true but not necessarily. The successful running of a hotel is not as easy as it seems to be. There are many factors which require to be achieved flawlessly. Increasing competition means increasing risk to the business from the competitors. Any new product, package or creative advertisement may grab the attention of a large number of customers. Hence more and more finance is required to be spent on innovative techniques. The uniqueness and brand name attract most of the customers (Tepeci, 1999). However, it is not an easy task to create a brand name. In food service businesses the development of brand na me has been increasing. A number of food chains have increased their business in the international market. The globalization of food chains has resulted in strong development of brand identity for the travelers and local visitors (Wexler, 1994). These food chains have become successful in winning the satisfaction of their customers all around the world. These international food chains conduct surveys and researches to find out the likings and demands of the people living in a particular region. They ensure that the quality of food and tastes is according to their demand (Davis, Lockwood & Stone, 1998). They also consider the cultural and religious aspects of people and give special attention to things which are against their religion or culture (for example, the use of alcohol in Muslim countries). Hence we can say that the evaluation of the demand of people and their opinions are of paramount importance in successful running of a hotel. The first goal of our restaurant is to create a distinguishing identity and become popular because of its unique presentation and high quality food. The second goal is to provide customers with an environment where they can enjoy the food without any kind of disturbance. The last goal is to maximize profits without harming the quality

Holiday Song Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holiday Song Research - Essay Example James Pierpont was an American composer (Anderson). Jingle Bells’ original name was One Horse Open Sleigh, it was only released under the name Jingle Bells in 1859. This song was composed in English. The song sings of the jingle of the bells placed on a horses reins while pulling an open sleigh in the snow. Although Jingle Bells is associated with December, it was never written for the holidays in December. It was just a popular song people sung in the winter months to begin with. Only over the years did the song come to represent December holidays. I learned Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer riding home on the school bus in the first grade. I did not care at the time Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer had been composed by an American writer named Johnny Mack. Johnny Mack copyrighted this song in 1949. The song was composed in English. Johnny Mack published two other Christmas songs (Anderson). They were A Holly Jolly Christmas and Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree. Every school child in America sympathizes with poor Rudolph. The little reindeer is ostracized because of a big bright red nose. Rudolph is vindicated once he helps Santa navigate his sleigh in the snow. Everyone loved him then. I think all school children root for the underdog. Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer reminds everyone that there is always hope. This song also passes down the belief in Santa Clause. Mariah Carey and Walter Afanasieff composed All I Want for Christmas Is You together. Mariah Carey is American, while Walter Afanasieff comes from Brazil. All I Want for Christmas Is You was recorded in English. The song’s release date was Christmas of 1994. All I Want for Christmas Is You is sung by Mariah Carey. She makes her intentions clear. All she wants for Christmas is her lover. I think everyone can relate. Most people want to be with their lover over the holidays. Nine times out of ten, lovers fight over the holidays, but that one time out of the ten

Achieving Professionalism -Main theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Achieving Professionalism -Main theatre - Essay Example It has been found that the styles that the leaders incorporate in running the operations and activities of an organization immensely contribute to the success of the firm. It is the responsibility of the managers and directors to ensure that the strategies of leadership that they use in their organizations are effective and efficient. Having visited Johns Hopkins Hospital and evaluated the operations and activities in the hospital, I realized that there are various effects of the leadership strategies that are used to the success of the organization. Being an international hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital offers various medical services to the clients, and its success is influenced by the managerial and leadership approaches that are integrated in the organization. I liked the leadership approaches that are used in Johns Hopkins Hospital because they positively influence every worker in the organization. The employees are considered to be part of the hospital, in the sense that they are consulted in decision-making. The management values teamwork and this positively impacts to the performance of the organization. Patients are offered quality treatment and services because the nurses and medical practitioners in the organization are trained on various skills of handling clients. The management of the organization understands the need of integrating different leadership styles depending on the department and issue to be addressed. For instance, the employees adhere and follow the company’s code of ethics and codes of conducts, and this helps them in meeting the needs of the employees effectively. Strong leadership that is observed in the organization is achieved because the nurse leaders ensure that every employee offers the highest level of care. The management encourages employees to work closely and take the needs of the patients ahead of their personal issues. The leaders mentor the other nurses and medical professionals in the organization.

Formal letter for request sponsorhip Essay Example for Free

Formal letter for request sponsorhip Essay Good day! My name is Ang Teck Kui and I am a business student from ALC college, Klang is organizing a charity fundraising event for our final year project. I represent my team Raiser of Hope Carnival 2014 which is consists of 13 passionate business students from ALC College to write this letter to your esteemed organization to request for a sponsorship. We are given an opportunity by ALC College, Klang to organize this special event to help create awareness on social responsibility by companies and the public to the society. In addition, we as business students will be able to gain experience as business person through this project. The event that we have chosen is carnival and the details are as follows: Event Type: Charity Fund – Raising Carnival Event Venue: SMK Tengku Ampuan Jemaah No. 1, Jalan Pandamaran, 42000, Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor, Malaysia Event Date: 30th November 2014 (Sunday) You can refer to our Sponsorship Benefits on our proposal to find out about the sponsorship benefits packages according to the amount sponsored. We accept sponsorship in both monetary value and as well as products by your company. We hope to receive a favourable reply form your good organization regarding the sponsorship. For further inquiries, please do not hesitate to contact me Ang Teck Kui at 016-9967729 or email me at [emailprotected] . Your organization kind support and assistance to our cause is greatly appreciated by our team.

Wal-Mart Company Strategy :: Wal Mart Walmart Business Papers Analysis

This essay will examine Wal-Mart's company strategy in several sections. Three elements of successful strategy formulation and a fourth element, which exemplifies the implementation process of company strategy, will be looked at. Followed by this, an analysis of key factors contributing to this strategy will be detailed. These include looking at Wal-Mart's competitive strategy, the CEO's leadership, and company strategy strengths and weakness assessment. The material used to analyze Wal-Mart strategy consists of the company's annual reports, its Fact Sheets and other information found on the company Internet site. Other information is obtained from outside sources such as Fortune Magazine, and from outside groups who are critical of the corporation. The focus of this analysis will be placed on identifying the resources of the firm, its weaknesses and strengths in terms of its competitive environment. The sections examined will highlight the leadership style of Wal-Mart CEO H. Lee Scott, who inherited the corporate legacy of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Other elements such as the culture, the corporate organization and values of the company come to play. 1. Strategic Goals This section looks at three successful elements of strategy formulation and a fourth element, where the strategy is implemented successfully. These are as follows: †¢ Dominate the Retail Market wherever Wal-Mart has a presence. †¢ Growth by expansion in the US and Internationally. †¢ Create widespread name recognition and customer satisfaction with the Wal-Mart brand, and associate the retailer with the reputation of offering the best prices. †¢ Branching out into new sectors of retailing such as pharmacies, automotive repair, and grocery sales. a. Dominate the Retail Market Everywhere A key strategy of Wal-Mart is to dominate the retail market. Company founder Sam Walton put in place a retail philosophy the company still follows. Wal-Mart is primarily a discount retailer because they sell their products at the lowest possible prices. By selling at the "lowest price." Walton outlines that the essence of successful discount retailing to cut the price on an item as much as possible, lowering the markup, and earn profit on the increased volume of sales. (Wal-Mart pricing philosophy document, www.walmart.com). Another subset of this strategy is the competitiveness of every unit. Each store is encouraged to ferociously compete against all other stores in its customer base until the Wal-Mart store gains dominance over its local competitors (Quinn, 2, 115). Wal-Mart is currently ranked as the world's number one retailer and the number one company in the world in terms of sales (over $200 billion) on the Fortune 500 list (www.

Study Of Aging And Care Health And Social Care Essay

The word â€Å" Aging † and â€Å" Old Age † are extremely subjective. â€Å" Aging † is defined as the clip from birth to the present for a life single, as measured in specific units ( John Anne ) . The significance of old and aging depend to a great extent on how old the talker is and that individual ‘s experiences. The procedure of aging is a complex 1 that can be described chronologically, physiologically, and functionally. Chronological age refers to the figure of old ages a individual has lived. Physiological age refers to the finding of age by organic structure map. Although age- related alterations affect everyone, it ‘s impossible to nail precisely when these alterations occur. Functional age refers to a individual ‘s ability to lend to society and profit others and himself. In an effort to farther specify the aging population, old age has been divided into chronological classs: Young-old ( ages 65 to 74 ) Middle-old ( ages 75 to 84 ) Old-old ( age 85 and older ) Demographic ripening is a planetary phenomenon. By 2025, the universe ‘s population is expected to include more than 830 million people at an age of 65 years. With a relatively immature population, India is still poised to go place to the 2nd largest figure of older individuals in the universe. Recent statistics related aged individuals in India ; showed that every bit many as 75 % 0f aged individuals were populating in rural countries. About 48.2 % of aged individuals were adult females, out of whom 55 % were widows. A entire 73 % of aged individuals were illiterate and dependent on physical labour. One tierce was reported to be populating below the poorness line, i.e. , 66 % of older individuals were in vulnerable state of affairs without equal nutrient, vesture, or shelter. About 90 % of the aged were from the unrecognised sector, i.e. , they have no regular beginning of income. The socio economic jobs of aged are now yearss aggravated by factors such as the deficiency of societal security and inadequate installations for wellness attention, rehabilitation etc The particular characteristics of aged population in increasing in the India are a bulk ( 80 % ) of them are in the rural countries, therefore doing service bringing a challenge, Feminization of the aged population ( 50 % 0f the aged population would be adult females by the 2016 ) , a big per centum ( 30 % ) of the aged are below poorness line. And another ground is Increase in the figure of the older ( individuals above 80 year ) . National sample study ( 2004 ) reveals that bulk of the aged in both rural ( 50. 20 % ) and urban ( 57.35 % ) countries are wholly dependent on others for economic support. About 15.20 % of the aged in rural countries and 13.71 % of the aged in the urban countries are partly dependent on others. Aging is a normal portion of human development. The forms of aging – what happens, how and when – vary greatly among older people. Although specific alterations are identified as portion of the normal aging procedure, each individual ages in his ain manner. As the old ages accumulate, people become more diverse instead than more similar, each influenced by physical, societal, and environmental factors. How a individual ages depends on a combination of both familial and environmental factors such as life experiences, available support systems, get bying accomplishments. Acknowledging that every person has his or her ain alone familial make-up and environment, which interacts with each other, helps us to understand why the aging procedure can happen at such different rates in different people. An overall, familial factor seems to be more powerful than environmental factors in the finding the big differences among people in aging and lifetime. The aging procedure will impact the old age people physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually. As ageing advancement, physically old age people become less active. Based on wear and tare theory of aging, degenerative alterations takes topographic point about in all the systems such as encephalon, cardio vascular system, respiratory system castanetss exposing the aged people to a greater grade of physical unwellnesss. As a individual ages, centripetal capablenesss such as hearing, vision, touch, gustatory sensation, and odor are deteriorating. Hearing and vision losingss are more disconcerting, because they straight affect ability to execute activities of day-to-day life, endanger the bodily safety, and distort communicating. Reports besides shows that Prevalence of chronic diseases among the aged in general seem to be really high. It is higher in the urban countries ( 55 % ) than in the rural countries ( 52 % ) . Onset of damage was 60 old ages or above 54 % ( balmy motor disablement ) to 69 % ( ocular damage ) of the aged patients. However, disablements are more common among aged females compared to male up to age 80, beyond which disablement becomes less due to increased figure of adult female aged. Psychosocially, due to the aging procedure old people are frequently down and experience loneliness. Because old people are frequently ill and tired and besides retired, old people normally do n't hold money, they must pass money for medicines. They ca n't eat a batch of dishes, because of wellness grounds ; liver, bosom and weak dentition. Old age people frequently have depressions and sometimes do n't desire to populate any longer due to the loss of partner. ( Miller, 2007 ) Aged people are extremely prone to mental morbidities due to ageing of the encephalon, jobs associated with physical wellness, intellectual pathology, socio – economic factors such as break down of the household support systems, and lessening in economic independency. The mental upsets that are often encountered include Dementia and Mood Disorders. Other upsets include neurotic and personality upsets, drug and intoxicant maltreatment, craze, and mental psychosis. Emotional upsets are the most common psychological issue faced by the aged people which result from the societal mal accommodations. Failure to accommodate consequences in resentment, inner backdown, depression, fatigue of life and even suicide. Sexual accommodations – After the age of 40, there is surcease of reproduction by adult females and decline of sexual activity on the portion of work forces. As a consequence, physical and emotional perturbation may happen. Jealousy, crossness are really common and frequent. Impaired memory, stiff mentality and opposition to alter are some of the mental alterations in the aged. The rapid urbanisation and societal modernisation has brought in a interruption down in household values and frame work of household support, economic insecurity, societal isolation, and aged maltreatment taking to a host of psychological unwellnesss. In the last decennaries joint household system was really common, with batch of household members about. In such a state of affairs the old age people got much attending from all their kids. Even after their retirement they were engaged with some other work like little shopping, traveling out with their expansive kids etc. , so they do n't experience lonely believing about themselves, and their jobs and aging procedure. Their kids besides provided attention to the parents. Today due to the socio cultural alterations the joint household form has changed to atomic 1s. And even if there is a joint household the members are restricted to 4 or 5. This has created great impact on the old age people as they are left entirely due to the higher instruction and settled occupations of their kids in abroad and now yearss even with the females working, they receive no attending at all. Some do direct fiscal aid for their parents but whereas, some do non even turn to hold expression towards their parents. Since the kids are off and no organic structure to care for them, they feel lonely, go down and more concerned about their wellness jobs much more. The development of old age places was based on back uping the old age people. There are old age places run by the authorities and non governmental organisations. Even though some old age places are giving proper attention with all installations to the people, some old age places are supplying merely shelter and nutrient, and there are no medical installations available. Harmonizing to national sample study ( 2002 ) , there were 728 Old age places in India. Out of these, 325 places are free of cost while 95 old age places are on wage & A ; stay installations. A sum of 278 old age places all over the state are available for the ill and 101 places are entirely for adult females. Kerala has 124 old age places which is the maximal in any province. Reports show that, admittance to a nursing place cause situational depression in the aged. Unfortunately every bit many as 50 per centum of all nursing place occupants are clinically depressed. Nursing place staff often fails to place depression in aged occupants, possibly because it is so prevailing, but it is non merely merely a normal portion of the aging procedure. It can be treated. Aged people remaining in old age place will hold concerns about personal jobs or state of affairs that can straiten their slumber. Emotional emphasis causes a individual to be tense and frequently leads to frustration when slumber does non come. Aged people often experiences losingss that lead to emphasize such as retirement, physical damage, and loss of loved one time. Due to physical jobs like hurting, take a breathing trouble, and emotional perturbations old age place occupants are sing hapless quality of slumber and psychological well-being. There are several surveies which bespeaking sleep fluctuation during old age. Dr. Michael Vitiello, ( 2009 ) stated that slumber starts to deteriorate in late in-between age and steadily erodes from so on. With aging, the proportion of entire sleep clip spent in deep ( stage 3 or 4 ) non rapid oculus motion sleep lessenings. The aged tend to hold more trouble falling and remaining asleep than younger grownups. The aged tend to fall asleep earlier in the eventide and awaken earlier in the forenoon. With aging, recovery from perturbations in the sleep-wake rhythm and in circadian beat tends to go more hard. Many drugs normally used by the aged and many upsets common among the aged can upset slumber. Since emotional perturbations and sleep want are more common among old age place occupants every one needs to develop methods for raising the relaxation response, the natural unwinding of the emphasis response. Relaxation lowers the blood force per unit area, respiration, and pulse rates, releases musculus tenseness, and eases emotional strains. During emphasis and anxiousness external respiration becomes shallow and rapid. Taking a deep breath is an automatic and effectual technique for weaving down. Deep external respiration exercises consciously escalate this natural physiological reaction and can be really utile during a nerve-racking state of affairs, or for keeping a relaxed province during the twenty-four hours and besides it promotes sleep, there by it improves the psychological well-being of the aged people. American doctor Edmund Jacobson ( 1920 ) argued that since musculus tenseness accompanies anxiousness, one can cut down anxiousness by larning how to loosen up the muscular tenseness. PMR entails a physical and mental constituent. Progressive relaxation involves alternately tensing and loosen uping the musculuss. A individual utilizing PMR may get down by sitting or lying down in a comfy place. With the eyes closed, the musculuss are tensed ( 10 seconds ) and relaxed ( 20 seconds ) consecutive through assorted parts of the organic structure. The whole PMR session takes about 30 proceedingss. Numerous controlled surveies have evaluated relaxation therapies for the intervention of insomnia. These surveies are chiefly combined with other methods such as biofeedback, sleep limitation, and self-contradictory purpose ( seeking non to kip ) . Overall, the grounds indicates that relaxation therapies may be slightly helpful for insomnia at that place by it helps to better the physical and psychological well being.Need FOR THE STUDYOld age people are like the tones of cognition and experience in your basket but their suggestion non suit for this coevals. ( Henry Donald ) Presently, in this modern universe there is a great diminution in the joint household system, less importance to the household values and reduced regard to aged people which consequences in economic insecurity, societal isolation, and aged maltreatment taking to increased figure of elderly destitute in India. As a consequence there are legion old age places has emerged as a new tendency to take care the aged in India, fundamentally it was the civilization followed in western states. Old age places are a necessity in the present twenty-four hours scenario as the younger coevals are remaining off from the parents due to occupation, instruction, settled in abroad and besides due to the scarceness of the resources to run into their demands ( like medical sweeps, nutrients etc ) . But old age places should see merely as a secondary option. Elders in the household are decidedly an plus. It is they who can leave the much needed ethical values and codification of behavior in the younger coevals. It is the duty of each and every citizen in India particularly wellness attention forces to safe guard life of aged people. We need to take immediate steps to better the quality of life of aged particularly those who do non hold anybody to take attention of them. Old age places should hold equal physical installations, nutrient, safety and security, and medical installations. Unfortunately non all the old age places are holding all the installations particularly the medical installations. Reports shows that about 50 per centum of all nursing place occupants are clinically depressed. And another common issue of aged people remaining in old age place is their slumber is disrupted by brief argus-eyed minutes typically enduring approximately 3 to 10 seconds. And besides they are holding job in falling asleep. The clip taken to kip after traveling to bed is prolonged. By bettering sleep and emotional stableness one can advance the psychosocial well-being and quality of life of aged people. Relaxation therapy is one of the best method to better concentration, emotional stableness and advancing slumber by easing organic structure and head and cut downing emphasis and anxiousness. From the literature reappraisal it is rather apparent that relaxation therapy is good to better the psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. There are different techniques in transporting out the relaxation therapy and some of the technique has already been tried out in station operative hurting decrease, anxiousness decrease in India and in other states. Among all the relaxation techniques deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation a technique does non take much clip to execute, requires no particular equipments, except a composure and comfy topographic point to make the exercising. Both are really simple to learn and pattern by any age group. The research worker, during her clinical poster in geriatric ward, visited assorted old age places and community countries and found out that most of the aged people are enduring from wakefulness, and emotional perturbation, memory shortage, hapless concentration. They are really much worried about their jobs. There is a demand for effectual, low-priced intercessions that are ecologically acceptable and efficient. Old age place occupants are chiefly take attention by the geriatric nurse who is remaining along with them in old age place every bit good as in clinical scene. Old age place staffs need to take stairss to better the quality of life of aged people by loosen uping their head and organic structure and bettering their slumber. So the research worker wanted to make something for the benefit of this population. The research worker felt a demand to measure the consequence of deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation technique on bettering psycho societal well- being and quality of slumber in aged people remaining in old age place.STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:A survey to measure the effectivity of selected relaxation techniques on the degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber among old age people in selected old age place at Coimbatore.AIM OF THE STUDYThe purpose of the survey is to measure whether relaxation technique make a difference in the degree of psychosocial well-being and slumber among old age people after the relaxation therapy compared to those who do non have relaxation therapy.Specific OBJECTIVESThe specific aims of the survey were, To measure and compare the degree of psychosocial well-being ( cognitive, emotional, societal, and religious well-being ) in the experimental and control group, before and after the intercession To measure and compare the quality of slumber in the experimental and control group before and after the intercession To tie in the selected demographic variables like age, gender, physical unwellness, supportive system with degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumberHypothesisH1: There will be a important difference in the average mark of psychosocial well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H2: There will be a important difference in the average mark of cognitive well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H3: There will be a important difference in the average mark of emotional well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H4: There will be a important difference in the average mark of societal well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H5: There will be a important difference in the average mark of religious well-being in the experimental group before and after the intercession H6: There will be a important difference in the quality of slumber in the experimental group before and after the intercession H7: There is important relation between degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber in the experimental and control groupOPERATIONAL DEFINITIONSSleep: Sleep is a province of remainder in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes are closed, the musculuss are relaxed and the head is unconscious. The features of slumber can be verbalized by a individual who experiences the slumber. In this survey, the self study of slumber is measured by standard Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table Psycho Social Wellbeing: a subjective term that means different things to different people. A feeling of health by an person. In this survey it include the felling of health in psychological, societal, religious and behavioural facet of an person, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table Cognitive well-being ; cognitive well-being is a subjective phenomena which reflects the ability of the single sing how to believe, comprehend, retrieve and larn facts and thoughts, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Emotional well-being ; it is a subjective statement which reflects how positively an single feels, perceives, and reacts to the internal and external stimulations and it can be assessed by increasing bosom rate, respiration, BP. In this survey emotional well-being is measured by single mark obtained from modified psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Social well-being ; it is a subjective statement, which reflects how good an person is able to interact with the fellow people, is able to set to state of affairss, is able to keep positive societal position, is able to affect in group activities, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Religious well-being: It is a subjective statement which reflects how an single perceives sing God, how of import does one see supplication to be in their life, which is measured by a modified ego reported psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table. Relaxation Techniques: It is individualized or combined, consistently executed exercisings, used to ease the organic structure and head by wind offing natural emphasis response therefore take downing the blood force per unit area, respiration and pulse rate, loosen uping the musculus and easing emotional strains. In this survey, relaxation techniques used are deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation techniques. Deep Breathing Exercise is a technique of external respiration in which a individual inhale through nose slowly and deeply to the count of 10, where the tummy and venters expands, but the thorax does non lift up. Exhale through the oral cavity easy and wholly. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique is an exercising, in which a individual sits in a chair comfortably.. He so tenses each musculus every bit tightly as he can, for a count of one to ten and so releases it wholly.Premise:1. Aging is a normal portion of human development. 2. The forms of aging vary greatly among older people. 3. Aging is an nonvoluntary procedure which alters normal biological, psychological and societal maps. 4. Psycho societal well-being of the older people will change based on certaidemographic factors such as Age, Sex, Education, available supportive system. 5. Variability in the sleep behaviours of older people is common.Restrictions:As sample size is little consequence can non be generalized Datas on psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber based on verbal study may non be a true contemplation of what they experience.Boundary lines:The survey is delimited to one old age place in Coimbatore. The survey is delimited to people in the age group 65-85 yearScope of the surveyThis survey will assist to measure the degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber of the old age people remaining in old age place before and after the intercession. If there is important betterment in the degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber, it is a clear indicant of effectivity of relaxation techniques. These relaxation techniques will be good for the aged people remaining in old age place. It can be easy implemented and taught by nurses who are employed in old age places every bit good as in geriatric ward in infirmaries.CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORKConceptual frame work refers to interconnected constructs or abstractions that are assembled together in some rational strategy by virtuousness of their relevancy to a common subject ( Polit Hunger – 1997 ) Theoretical theoretical account for this survey was derived from Callista Roy ‘s Adaptation Theory ( 1996 ) . Roy employs a feedback rhythm of input, throughput, and end product. Input is identified as stimulations, which can come from the environment or from within a individual. Stimuli are classified as focal ( instantly facing the individual ) , contextual ( all other stimulations, that are present ) or residuary ( non particular such as cultural beliefs or attitude about unwellness ) . Input besides includes a individual ‘s version degree ( the scope of stimulation to which a individual can accommodate easy. Through input we can do usage of a individual ‘s procedures and effecters. â€Å" Procedure † refers to the control mechanisms that a individual uses as an adaptative system. â€Å" Effecters † refers to the physiological map, self concept, and function map involved in version. In the adaptative system, the term â€Å" system † is defined as ego parts connected to work as a whole for some intent and it so by virtuousness of the mutuality of its parts. This has two major internal control procedure called â€Å" regulator † and â€Å" cognator † . Regulator bomber system consists of internal procedure including chemical, impersonal, and endocrine – transmit the stimulations, doing end product – physiological response, cognator and bomber system regulates self constructs, function map and inter dependance. End product is the result of the system ; when the system is a individual, end product is categorized as adaptative responses ( Those that promote a individual ‘s unity ) or uneffective responses ( those that do non advance end accomplishment ) these responses provide feedback for the system. The modified theoretical account in this survey explains the input as the focal stimulation viz. hapless psycho societal well-being and hapless quality of slumber. The contextual stimulation are age, sex, instruction, continuance of remaining in old age place, no of kids, presence of visitants. The get bying mechanism of the cognator subsystem occurs as a consequence of relaxation therapy. The experimental group is subjected to relaxation therapy. The adaptative responses among the experimental group of old age people show betterment in the psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. The control group that has non undergone the relaxation therapy might non demo an effectual version. Figure – 1 high spots he conceptual model based on modified Roy ‘s version theoretical account. CHAPTER – ThreeRESEARCH METHODOLOGYMethodology of research organizes all the constituents of the survey in a manner that is most likely to take to valid replies to the bomber jobs that have been posed ( Burns and Grove, 2002 ) . It refers to assorted logical stairss that are by and large adopted by the research worker in analyzing the research job. This chapter presents the research design, puting, population, sample size and sampling technique, trying standards, tools used, building of the tools, cogency, dependability, pilot survey, and informations aggregation adopted for the survey.RESEARCH APPROACHThe research attack is an overall program chosen to transport out the survey. The choice of research attack is the basic process for the behavior of research enquiry. An appraising attack was used in this survey as the survey aimed at measuring the effectivity of selected relaxation techniques on psycho societal well being and quality of slumberRESEARCH DESIGNA quasi experimental pretest and station trial two group design was used to prove the effectivity of relaxation therapy over psycho societal well-being and slumber of old age people in old age place.Experimental group1st hebdomad 2nd hebdomad 3rd hebdomad 4th hebdomadO1 XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX O2Control groupO1 — — — — — — â €” — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – O2 O1 Pre intercession appraisal of degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber in experimental and control group. O2 station intercession appraisal of degree of psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber after 4 hebdomads in experimental and control group. Ten deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique.Variables IN THE SurveyIndependent variable – selected relaxation techniques ( Deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique ) Dependent variables _ Psycho Social Wellbeing ( cognitive, Emotional, Social and Spiritual ) and Quality of SleepSetting OF THE STUDYâ€Å" Puting † refers to the country where the survey is conducted. The scene for the survey was a selected old age place at Coimbatore. Entire population of the old age place is 150 members. It is managed by Samaritan sisters entirely for aged and destitute. The standard for the admittance in old age place are aged and destitute above 60 old ages. It is a service oriented place and no fees for stay and nutrient. A medical squad contains 1 general doctor and 2 nurses will see one time in a month to the place and provides medical service to the people. The old age place contains two separate block for male and female. Common dining hall, supplication hall, garden. In each block there are two floors – Land floor is called ill ward where aged bed ridden people are shacking. In first floor nomadic aged people are shacking.TARGET POPULATIONThe population under the survey was all the males and females were remaining in the old age place and fulfilled the standards for sample choice.SAMPLE SIZESample refers to a subset of population that is selected to take part in a peculiar survey ( Burns and Grove 2002 ) . In this survey the sample size consisted of 50 inmates of the old age place ( 25 samples in control group and 25 in experimental group ) .Sampling TechniqueThe samples who fulfilled the standards were selected by simple random sampling technique. Lot method was used to delegate the samples into experimental group and control group. Sampling CRITERIAInclusion standardsAged people both male and female in the age group of 65-85yrs Those who were willing to take part Those who were physically and mentally able to take part in the surveyExclusion standardsThose who were bed ridden unable to sit entirely and do exert Those who were mentally unqualified to follow the bids Un co-operative peopleResearch ToolThe tool used for the informations aggregation was An interview agenda organized in 3 parts. Part 1: Demographic informations consisted of personal information like age, sex, matrimonial position, instruction, continuance of stay in old age place, presence of relations, visitants and presence of physical unwellness, sentiment about immediate environment which include nutrient, safety and security and comfort. Part 2: Psycho societal wellbeing graduated table. It was prepared by the research worker with expert ‘s counsel by utilizing geriatric depression graduated table and WHO Health Related Quality of Life index graduated table. It was designed to measure the psycho societal well-being in four dimensions ( cognitive, emotional, societal and religious well-being ) . There are 6 points in each dimension. Some inquiries are positive and some negative. There are two columns ‘yes ‘ ‘no ‘ to enter the response. Positive inquiries were 2 and 3 in cognitive dimension, 1, 3 and 4 in emotional dimension, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in societal dimension, and all 6questions in religious dimension. Negative inquiries were 1, 4, 5 and 6 in cognitive dimension, 2, 5 and 6 in emotional dimension, 1 and 6 in societal dimension. Part 3: Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table. It was standardized tool to measure quality of slumber. It has 9 points ( subjective slumber quality, sleep continuance, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep perturbation, usage of sleep medicines and twenty-four hours clip disfunctions, which subjectively describe the individual ‘s sleep quality for the month.Marking AND INTERPRETATION OF MarkingScoring – psycho societal well-being appraisalFor positive inquiries a response in the ‘yes ‘ column was given a mark of 1and in the ‘no ‘ column a mark of ‘0 ‘ was given. For negative inquiries a response in the ‘yes ‘ column was given a mark of 0 and in the ‘no ‘ column a mark of ‘1 ‘ was given. In all the dimensions the maximal mark was ‘6 ‘ and the minimal mark was ‘0 ‘ .The mark was interpreted as0 – 2 Poor 3 – 4 Moderate 5 – 6 Good It was same in all four dimensions ( cognitive, emotional, societal and religious well-being )Scoring – Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated tableIn hiting the Pittsburg sleep quality index graduated table, seven constituent tonss are derived, each scored ‘0 ‘ ( no trouble ) to 3 ( terrible trouble ) . The constituent tonss are summed to bring forth over all mark ( run 0 to 21 ) . In seven constituents each one is interpreted as 0 Very good 1 Reasonably good 2 Reasonably bad 3 Very badOverall PSQI MarkSum of seven constituents tonss & lt ; 5 – Good slumber quality & gt ; 5 – Poor sleep qualityDEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING PLAN ON DEEP BREATHING AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TECHNIQUEDeep external respiration exercisingDeep external respiration is a powerful anti-stress technique. When we bring air down into the lower part of the lungs, where the O exchange is most efficient, bosom rate slows, blood force per unit area decreases, musculuss relax, anxiousness simplicities and the head composure.Progressive musculus relaxation techniqueProgressive Muscle Relaxation is a relaxation technique used to let go of emphasis by straining and so loosen uping each musculus group of the organic structure, one group at a clip. Deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation are basically a province of bring oning deep musculus relaxation of the whole organic structure and relaxed respiratory beat A instruction program on Deep external respiration and progressive musculus relaxation technique is prepared to assist people to larn the exercising.The undermentioned stairss were adopted to develop the instruction program1. Development of purpose and aims based on the survey aims 2. Choice of learning larning content 3. Choice of learning acquisition activities 4. Choice of Audio Visual Aids 5. Organization of the contentThe contents included were1. Basic constructs of deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique 2. Advantages of deep external respiration exercising and progressive musculus relaxation technique 3. Presentation of the relaxation techniques 4. Practice and re presentation 5. Palingenesis 6. Direction to follow upDeep external respiration exercisingExhale wholly through your oral cavity, doing a whoosh sound. Near your oral cavity and inhale softly through your olfactory organ to a mental count of four. Keep your breath for a count of seven Exhale wholly through your oral cavity, doing a whoosh sound to a count of eight. This is one breath. Now inhale once more and reiterate the rhythm three more times for a sum of four breaths.Progressive musculus relaxation techniqueAfter the deep external respirationClench your fists. Keep for 7-10 seconds and so let go of for 15-20 seconds. Tighten your biceps by pulling your forearms up toward your shoulders and â€Å" doing a musculus † with both weaponries. Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Tighten your triceps — the musculuss on the bottoms of your upper weaponries — by widening your weaponries out directly and locking your cubituss. Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Strain the musculuss in your brow by raising your superciliums every bit far as you can. Keep†¦ and so loosen up. Imagine your forehead musculuss going smooth and hitch as they relax. Strain the musculuss around your eyes by clinching your palpebras tightly shut. Keep†¦ and so relax.A Imagine esthesiss of deep relaxation distributing all around them. Tighten your jaws by opening your oral cavity so widely that you stretch the musculuss around the flexible joints of your jaw. Tighten the musculuss in the dorsum of your cervix by drawing your caput manner back ; as if you were traveling to touch your caput to your dorsum ( be gentle with this musculus group to avoid hurt ) . Tighten your shoulders by raising them up as if degree Fahrenheit you were traveling to touch your ears. Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Tighten the musculuss around your shoulder blades by forcing your shoulder blades back as if you were traveling to touch them together. Tighten the musculuss of your thorax by taking in a deep breath. Clasp for up to 10 seconds†¦ and so let go of easy. Tighten your tummy musculuss by sucking your tummy in. Keep†¦ and so let go of. Imagine a moving ridge of relaxation distributing through your venters. Try to touch both elbows together behind your dorsum. imperativeness the little of your dorsum into the chair or floor Tighten your natess by drawing them together. Keep†¦ and so loosen up. Imagine the musculuss in your hips traveling loose and hitch. Widen your leg maintaining your pes relaxed, imperativeness the dorsum of your articulatio genus towards the floor Tighten your calf musculuss by-pulling your toes toward you ( flex carefully to avoid spasms ) . Hold†¦ and so loosen up. Tighten your pess by curving your toes downward. Keep†¦ and so loosen up. Mentally scan your organic structure for any residuary tenseness. If a peculiar country remains tense, reiterate one or two tense-relax rhythms for that group of musculus. The first bill of exchange of learning program is derived by maintaining in head the aims, literacy degree of the sample, and simpleness of the linguistic communication. The instruction program is developed in English and it is translated into Tamil ( appendix page no )DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOLThe tool was developed based on the aims of the survey, Review of literature and treatment with expertsVALIDITY OF THE RESEARCH TOOLThe research tool including the aim of the survey along with the standards check list were submitted to five experts – three Nursing, one Geriatric doctor and one Clinical Psychologist. The three nursing experts were Professors with Masters Degree in Nursing and working in different colleges of nursing in Coimbatore with more than 5 old ages of experience. The geriatric doctor was working in a private infirmary in Coimbatore for more than 20 old ages. The Clinical Psychologist was working in a private infirmary in Coimbatore and had an experience crossing 15 old ages which included private pattern. Harmonizing to the expert ‘s sentiment alterations had been done and concluding proof done.RELIABILITY OF THE RESEARCH TOOLThe dependability of the psycho societal wellbeing assessment graduated table was tested by split half method. The trial was administered to 10 patients. Correlation co- efficient was calculated by Karl Pearson ‘s method. The obtained ‘r ‘ value was 0. 82 for overall psycho societal well being assessment graduated table Which confirmed that there was high positive correlativity and internal consistence of the tool.PILOT STUDY REPORTA pilot survey was conducted in the same old age place, where chief survey was intended to be carried out, to prove the feasibleness of survey. Permission was obtained from the concerned governments of the Old age place. The survey was carried out from 1 – 8 – 10 to 14 – 8 – 10, over a period of 14 yearss. 10 samples were selected, 5 in experimental and 5 in control group. Both male and female were included in this survey. The experimental and control group were selected by utilizing Simple Random Sampling technique – lottery method. After self debut, the research worker explained the nature of survey to the samples. After developing good resonance, the research worker collected the baseline informations on psychosocial well-being and quality of slumber of the samples for the past one month by questioning the samples separately. Deep Breathing and Progressive Muscle Relaxation techniques were taught and demonstrated to the 5 samples of the experimental group as a group learning and they were asked to re-demonstrate. The relaxation therapy was carried out for 30 proceedingss every twenty-four hours and it was continued for 14 yearss in the presence of research worker. On the 14th twenty-four hours the research worker conducted the Post trial was conducted by the research worker by utilizing same tool. The tools used were Psychosocial Wellbeing Assessment tool and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Psychosocial Wellbeing appraisal tool is holding 4 dimensions – Cognitive, Emotional, Social and Spiritual. The dependability of each dimensions were checked and the overall dependability of the tool was checked. The overall dependability of the tool was 0.82. Pilot survey proved the adequateness of the tools and techniques. Hence no alterations were required.DATA COLLECTION PROCEDUREThe chief survey was conducted in the same old age place where the pilot survey was conducted. Before beginning of informations aggregation one time once more the old age place authorization was informed and permission obtained. A hall was arranged for showing the exercising. Based on the sampling standards and technique 25 samples were selected for experimental group and the same figure of samples was selected for control group. After set uping good resonance and obtaining their willingness the research worker explained the intent of the survey ; obtain the willingness and engagement in the survey. By utilizing psycho societal well being assessment graduated table, and Pittsburg sleep Quality Index baseline information was collected from both group. The following twenty-four hours onwards the research worker stayed in the old age place from 5 – 6 autopsy. The experimental group was divided into two subgroups, male and female individually. harmonizing to learning program relaxation therapy taugt and demonstrated seperately for male and female in 2 session. The old age people were asked to re-demonstrate and carryout the exercisings 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours for 30 yearss in the presence of research worker. For control group no intercession was given. In both groups, On 30th twenty-four hours the research worker conducted the station trial by utilizing the same tool collected on degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. The survey was done from 15 – 8 – 2009 to 15 – 9 – 2009.Plan FOR DATA ANALYSISThe information obtained would be analyzed in footings of the aims of the survey utilizing descriptive and illative statistics.Descriptive statistics:Frequency and per centum distribution were used to analyse demographic variables, to measure the degree of psycho societal well-being, and quality of slumber of experimental and control group before the intercession. Mean and standard divergence were used to find the difference in degree of psycho societal well-being, and quality of slumber.Inferential statistics:‘t ‘ trial was used to find the important of the difference in degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber. ‘Chi square ‘ trial was used to tie in the demographic variables with degree of psycho societal well-being and quality of slumber.