Fetal Brain Tissue Transplantation in Parkinsons Disease Patients Essa

Fetal Brain Tissue transplant in Parkinsons affection PatientsParkinsons disease is a neurological disorder characterized initially by muscular rigidity and slowing of voluntary movements (1). Ultimately, the characteristics are tremor, mask-like faces, decreased unwritten blinking, flexion posture and sometimes cognitive impairment. The neuropathology of Parkinsons disease by and large involves loss of cell bodies in all melanin-containing brain regions and invariably a loss of substantia jigaboo dopamine-containing neurons (DA). The principal target for dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra is the striatum and the loss of dopaminergic tone in the striatum is thought to stimulate most of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Since Parkinsons disease is a dopamine deficiency, discussion with L-Dopa, the precursor of dopamine, was successful in treating Parkinsons patients (1). However, these patients taking L-Dopa often develop side effects and in about 50% of th e patients, the medicine effectiveness is lost. As an alternative to drug therapy, the possibility of grafting dopamine-containing thread into the brains was proposed. From the proposal, there have been a vast amount of experiments to test graft effectiveness. Work in amphibians and fish were the first to demonstrate the possibilities for neuronal rehabilitation after damage in the central nervous system (2). In these species, especially in the visual system, grafted neurons were substituted both structurally and functionally for modify axonal connections, and afferent and efferent connections were established with a high ground level of specificity between the grafted neurons and the host. Evidence in adult sub-mammalian vertebrates has shown c... ...a, S., Brundin, P. and Gustavii, B., 1989, Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with severe Parkinsons disease. A detail account of methodology and a 6-month follow-up. Archives of Neurology 46 615-631. 6. Freed, C.R., Breeze, R.E., Rosenberg, N.L. and Schneck, S.A., 1990, Transplantation of human fetal dopamine cells for Parkinsons disease. Results at 1 year. 47 505-512. 7. Jankovic, J., Grossman, R., Goodman, C. and Pirozzolo, F., 1989, Clinical, biochemical and neuropathologic findings following graft of adrenal medulla to the caudate nub for treatment of Parkinsons disease. Neurology 39 1227-1234. 8. Allen G.S., Burns, R.S., Tulipan, N.B. and Parker, R.A., 1989, Adrenal medullary transplantation to the caudate nucleus in Parkinsons disease. Initial clinical results in 18 patients. 46 487-491.